Developmental milestones in Children |
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Age |
Gross motor |
Vision and fine motor |
Social and understanding |
Hearing and speech |
Newborn |
Prone*: Pelvis high knees under abdomen, turns face to side |
Can fix on visual object and follow it briefly horizontally
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Variable response to sound |
1 month |
Lifts head briefly when held in ventral suspension*** |
Follows object through 900 |
Quietens when picked up |
Soft guttural noises when content |
6 weeks |
Head lag not complete when pulled to sit |
Hands often open |
Social smiling |
Quiets in response to soft sound 15cm from ear |
3 months |
Prone*: Lifts chest off bed when on forearms. Only slight head lag when pulled to sit |
Holds rattle placed in hand. Starts to look at own hands. |
Pleasurable response to familiar, enjoyable situations (bottle, bath) |
Turns head to soft sound at ear level |
6 months |
Spontaneously lifts head when supine**. Prone*: Lifts chest on extended arms |
Hand regard goes. Transfers objects between hands. Palmar grasp |
Shows fear of strangers. Can imitate (e.g. cough), laughs |
Visually locates soft sounds at 40 – 50 cm on ear level |
9 months |
Crawls. Stands holding onto support. Sits unsupported for 10 minutes |
Pincer grip developing |
Looks for toy fallen out of sight. Can play peek-a-boo |
Tries to communicate vocally. Locates soft sounds above and below ear level at one metre |
12 months |
Walks alone with one hand held |
Throws objects on floor repeatedly. Less likely to take all objects to mouth |
Knows and turns to own name |
Says 2 or 3 words with meaning |
18 months |
Jumps using both feet. Walks backwards |
Spontaneous scribble. Tower of 3 or 4 blocks |
Points to 2 or 3 parts of the body. Indicates toilet needs |
5 – 20 recognisable works. Understands many more |
2 years |
Runs well. Kicks ball without overbalancing |
Copies vertical and circular strokes. Tower of 6 to 7 blocks |
Develops negative behaviour. Fantasy play. Gives first name |
2 and 3 word phrases |
3 years |
Rides tricycle. Stands on one foot momentarily |
Copies circle. 9 block tower |
Mainly dry at night. Competent with fork and spoon. Knows own sex |
Gives full name. Uses plurals. 3 -5word sentences |
4 years |
Hops on one foot. Stands on one foot for 3 to 5 seconds |
Copies cross. Draws person with 3 parts. Matches 5 primary colours |
Very imaginative play |
Asks many questions. Gives name and address. Names four primary colours |
5 years |
Can skip |
Copies square. Draws person with 6 parts. |
Understands rules of play. Washes and dries face and hands |
Speech fluent, good articulation |
Notes: *Prone indicates lying on stomach **Supine indicates lying on back ***Ventral suspension means being held horizontally with face down
Dr Goyen gratefully acknowledges The Children's Hospital at Westmead for agreeing to the reproduction of "Developmental milestones in children" as published in The Hospital Handbook (1999)
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